Abstract Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas for hemodialysis can lead to cardiac volume loading and increased serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Whether short-term AV loop placement in patients undergoing microsurgery has an impact on cardiac biomarkers and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs). potentially indicating an increased hemodynamic risk. remains elusive. https://unitedssports.shop/product-category/electronics-watches/