A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model with the volume of fluid method is developed for high-speed variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding (VP-GTAW) of aluminum alloys. It predicts the thermal flow field in the weld pool. the weld pool surface deformation. and solidified bead geometry during VP-GTAW in successive welding passes. https://macorners.shop/product-category/wood-and-acrylic-night-light/