Botulism is a potentially fatal intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced mainly by Clostridium botulinum. Vaccination against BoNT serotypes C and D is the main procedure to control cattle botulism. Current vaccines contain formaldehyde-inactivated native BoNTs. which have a time-consuming production process and pose safety risks. https://www.detectorexpertes.shop/product-category/poles/